
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X21. Additional results: democratic countries only.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A68)</td><td>Min. (model A69)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A70)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A71)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>0.143</td><td>0.429</td><td>0.697</td><td>-0.684</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.286)</td><td>(0.967)</td><td>(1.233)</td><td>(1.249)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.154<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.046)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.662<sup>*</sup></td><td>-3.688<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.656)</td><td>(1.883)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.394<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.053</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.411)</td><td>(0.621)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.823<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.583<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.895)</td><td>(0.776)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>-4.455</td><td>0.681</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(3.421)</td><td>(5.329)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.196</td><td>1.037</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(4.245)</td><td>(4.337)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.015</td><td>-0.109</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(2.214)</td><td>(2.149)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>-0.728</td><td>3.370</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.069)</td><td>(2.474)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>3.738<sup>*</sup></td><td>3.423<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.649)</td><td>(1.614)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-1.334</td><td>-1.327</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.831)</td><td>(0.884)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.247</td><td>0.213</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.413)</td><td>(0.458)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.406<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.241</td><td>0.333</td><td>0.390<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.185)</td><td>(0.186)</td><td>(0.209)</td><td>(0.232)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.015</td><td>0.516<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.553</td><td>0.546</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.164)</td><td>(0.259)</td><td>(0.454)</td><td>(0.459)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>-0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.0003</td><td>0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>1.755<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.260</td><td>-3.283</td><td>-3.446</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.884)</td><td>(0.627)</td><td>(2.269)</td><td>(2.157)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>0.303</td><td>0.404</td><td>0.052</td><td>0.025</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.376)</td><td>(0.456)</td><td>(0.454)</td><td>(0.434)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.115</td><td>-0.049</td><td>-0.328</td><td>-0.326</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.117)</td><td>(0.247)</td><td>(0.309)</td><td>(0.312)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>0.240</td><td>-1.852<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.251</td><td>-0.197</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.426)</td><td>(0.586)</td><td>(0.292)</td><td>(0.281)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>-0.073</td><td>0.141</td><td>0.579</td><td>0.503</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.308)</td><td>(0.252)</td><td>(0.408)</td><td>(0.420)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>4.781</td><td>12.992</td><td>-7.705</td><td>-7.063</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(4.765)</td><td>(8.075)</td><td>(6.421)</td><td>(6.340)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>-1.494</td><td>-2.553</td><td>-0.816</td><td>-0.843</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.719)</td><td>(2.794)</td><td>(1.762)</td><td>(1.721)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.483</td><td>0.770</td><td>-0.289</td><td>-0.294</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.588)</td><td>(0.562)</td><td>(0.333)</td><td>(0.333)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.616<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.459<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.212)</td><td>(0.218)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.047</td><td>0.017</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.030)</td><td>(0.016)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001</td><td>-0.0002</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.0004)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.713</td><td>0.633<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.459)</td><td>(0.333)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.228</td><td>-0.221</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.196)</td><td>(0.198)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.007</td><td>0.006</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.018)</td><td>(0.018)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0002</td><td>-0.0001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.0005)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.723</td><td>0.729</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.634)</td><td>(0.622)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>-25.814<sup>***</sup></td><td>-26.763<sup>**</sup></td><td>-23.810<sup>***</sup></td><td>-23.899<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(6.890)</td><td>(10.379)</td><td>(6.906)</td><td>(6.658)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>9,155</td><td>79,506</td><td>97,352</td><td>97,352</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-172.258</td><td>-169.255</td><td>-319.151</td><td>-315.813</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>454.516</td><td>448.509</td><td>756.302</td><td>751.625</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
